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UNIT-I
1) Structure of DNA:
- Double Helical Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick Model),
- Different Structural Forms of DNA(A,B,Z and H)
- Functions of DNA
- Packaging of DNA
2) Properties of DNA:
- Physical properties
- Base Pairing
- DNA Grooves
- DNA Super coiling
- DNA Conformations
- DNA Sense and Antisense.
3) Modification of DNA:
- DNA nicking
- DNA end modification
- DNA repair
- DNA methylation
4) Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication:
- DNA polymerase
- DNA ligase
- Sliding clamp for DNA polymerase
- Nuclease that removes RNA primers
- DNA helicase
- Primase
5) DNA Repair:
- Excision repair
- Base excision repair
- Error Prone repair
- Recombination-Repair System
- Homologous recombination flawless repair
6) Centromere and telomere sequences and DNA packaging:
- Centromere and Telomere sequences-
- Replication problem
- G-rich repetitive sequences
- DNA duplex loop formation
- General structure of a telomere
- DNA packaging
- Nucleosome
- Model for packing of DNA in chromatin
7) Synthesis and processing of RNA and proteins:
- Basic eukaryotic gene structure
- Exons
- Introns
- Transcription
- Splicing pathway in GU–AG introns and translation
8) Regulation of gene expression:
- General principles of gene regulation
- Gene regulation in bacterial cells
- Eukaryotic gene regulation-
- Chromatin structure and gene regulation,
- Transcriptional control in eukaryotic cells,
- Gene regulation through messenger RNA processing
- RNA stability,
- RNA silencing, translational and post translational control.
9) Mutations:
- Importance of mutation
- Categories of mutations
- Somatic mutation
- Germ-line mutation
- Gene mutations
- Causes of mutation
UNIT-II
1) Repetitive DNA sequences:
- Satellite DNAs
- Middle repetitive DNA sequences
- Telomere and Functions
2) Transposable elements:
- Nature of transposable element
- Classification of transposable element
- Structure of transposable element
- Evolution of transposable element
- Promoters and their isolation
3) Transcription factors (TF):
- Classification:
- Functional and Structural TF
- e.g.. TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIB,TFIIF, TFIIE, TFIIH).
- Role of TF in gene expression.
- Epigenetic control of gene expression
4) Small RNAs:
- siRNA, miRNA, PaciRNA-
- Structure, mechanism and functions
5) RNA interference and its applications:
- Concept, Principle, Applications:
- Transient and Stable Gene Silencing
- Temporal and Spatial Control of RNAi
- RNAi in functional gene analysis
- Insect, pest and disease resistance, weed resistance, drought tolerance, improvement of nutritional values and Limitations
