I. Introduction to Cell Division
- Definition and significance of cell division
II. Mitosis: Cell Division for Growth and Repair
A. Interphase
- G1 Phase: Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication
- S Phase: DNA replication occurs
- G2 Phase: Preparation for cell division
B. Mitotic Phase
- Prophase
- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Spindle apparatus forms
- Metaphase
- Chromosomes align at the cell's equator
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles
- Cell elongation begins
- Telophase
- Chromosomes decondense
- Nuclear envelopes reassemble
- Spindle apparatus disintegrates
- Cytokinesis
- Division of the cytoplasm
- Formation of two daughter cells
III. Meiosis: Cell Division for Sexual Reproduction
- Introduction to meiosis and its significance in sexual reproduction
- Comparison of meiosis with mitosis
- Overview of meiosis I and meiosis II
- Unique events in meiosis, such as crossing over and homologous chromosome separation
- Formation of four haploid daughter cells
IV. Regulation and Control of Cell Division
- Checkpoints in the cell cycle and their role in maintaining cell integrity
- Key regulatory molecules, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
- Dysregulation of cell division and its implications in diseases, including cancer
V. Importance of Understanding Cell Division
- Relevance of studying cell division in developmental biology, genetics, and disease research
